Distinct impacts of two types of El Niño events on northern winter high-latitude temperatures simulated by CMIP6 climate models

Abstract The interannual variability of the Northern Hemisphere winter climate is strongly linked to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). While North Pacific and America often exhibit a robust response ENSO, so-called Pacific–North (PNA) pattern, Arctic Eurasian responses ENSO remain elusive. This study examines 40 different models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) find distinct temperature two types Niño events. Specifically, Central (CP) events are accompanied by significant pan-Arctic warming, whereas Eastern (EP) cooling over Barents-Kara Seas continent. During EP events, sea-level pressure (SLP) effectively strengthens, leading weaker westerlies surface air northern These do not appear clearly in reanalysis data, spanning 1979 2021, probably because small sample size since satellite era.